History of China Between 1911 and 1979

Sun Yat-sen established a small bourgeois revolutionary organization (the Society for China's Regeneration) and Qiu Fengjia introduced the western education mode to set up modern schools in 1894. Under the stress of pulic opinion, the Qing government (1644-1911) abolished the imperial examination and carried out the new education system across the nation, so the western education mode became the main form of the modern education.

With the spreading of bourgeois ideology of democratic revolution in the 20th century, a number of distinguished revolutionists and publicists emerged, including Zhang Binglin, Zou Rong and Chen Tianhua, who set up bourgeois revolutionary organizations. The United League of China was established by Sun Yet-sen in 1905 and it symbolized a new stage for China's democratic revolution, and then the revolutionists led Huanggang Uprising, Pingliuli Uprising and Huanghuagang Uprising in succession. After Wuchang Uprising succeeded, the Qing empire was overthrown completely, and Sun Yet-sun established the Republic of China (1911-1949).

The May Fourth Movement in 1919 was considered as the origin of a number of historical events in Chinese modern history, which resulted from the unequal treaties imposed upon China by Western powers during the First World War. The Chinese people led by the CCP (Chinese Communist Party) went through the Northern Expedition (1926-1927), the Agrarian Revolutionary War (1927-1937), War of Resistance against Japan (1937-1945) and the War of Liberation (1937-1945) successively in the course of the new-democratic revolution. The CPC (led by Mao Zedong) and the Chinese Nationalist Party (led by Chiang Kai-shek) fought side by side against the Japanese Army during the Anti-Japanese Period and won the victory eventually, so China made great contribution to the victory of the World Anti-fascist War. The Chinese Civil War broke out in 1945, ending up with the fall of the Chinese Nationalist Party in 1949. Mao Zedong proclaimed solemnly that the People's Republic of China was established on October 1st, 1949, with grand ceremony held to celebrate this historic event.

In the beginning of the foundation of the People's Republic of China, the land reform was proceeded step by step by the Chinese Central government. The Chinese Central Government also engaged in the construction programme mapped out in the First Five-Year Plan (1953-1957) and achieved victory in socialist transformation, during which the Chinese economy demonstrated vigor and vitality with an annual average growth rate of 8.9%, and a number of heavy manufacturing industries were successively built, including aircraft industry, automotive industry, precision machinery industry, power equipment manufacturing industry, shipbuilding industry and metallurgical industry. The reforming and opening-up policy was carried out in China in 1978, which greatly strengthened China's national power, and the CPC leads the Chinese people from one victory to another now.

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